Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska - Essay Example Flint is a slaveholder and owns Linda who is a black slave on his plantation. Dr. Flint is the tormenter and burden in Linda's life for all of her early years. Linda and Sara live under the ruling of these men until neither can take it any longer. Both girls eventually escape, through many struggles, to start their own life and leave their past behind. Reb Smolinsky and Dr. Flint closely relate when it comes to the topic of work and attitude. Both put their underlings to work while they do what they want with their sufficient free time. Reb Smolinsky does not work but instead lives his life studying the Torah and memorizing every aspect of it while his daughters work full time and bring home all of their wages to him, keeping nothing for themselves. His wife waits on him hand and foot while he gets the first choice for every meal set on the table. At one point in the story when they came into some money, Sarah mentions, "Now all of us had meat for the Sabbath- not only father. And sometimes Mother had a half chicken for Father" (Yezierska 29). This shows that the father almost always had either a larger portion of meat or the only portion, never feeling bad for the rest of the family. When they moved to America, Reb made his wife and children carry his Holy books "instead of taking along feather beds, and the samovar, and the bras s pots and pans like other people"(Yezierska 8). He only thought of himself and what he wanted for his daughters and wife. Reb Smolinsky's cold, selfish attitude and undesirable personality can also be seen in Dr. Flint. Dr. Flint also had his slaves waiting on him hand and foot while he got to eat whatever he wanted and tells them to do whatever it was he wanted them to do. He realizes the extent of his authority and uses it constantly as to remind Linda of the absence of her freedom and the extent of his tyranny. At one point, Dr. Flint says to Linda, "Never look to me for help. You are my slave, and shall always be my slave. I will never sell you, that you may depend upon." (Jacobs 60). Here he is making his authority and her inferiority clear to put her hopes down and raise his pride up. Even though Reb Smolinsky and Dr. Flint have similar ways of treating Sara and Linda, the basis of their treatments have different sources. Dr. Flint does not study readings of the Torah or of any religion for that matter. He seems to be against it in some ways and does not attend church regularly until a certain point in the novel. His dictatorship is based upon the fact that Linda is a slave and he treats her so. He constantly reminds Linda that she is not free and never will be unless he is present in her life. Reb Smolinsky does base all of his rules around his religion and nothing else. He tries to make Sara and his entire family live their lives under the ruling of the Holy Torah. His strict attitude is always reflected by the Torah's dictations. Although both men have similar harsh attitudes and rules for their underlings, there are also many differences between these. The Holy Torah consists of standards which are considered "right" by Reb Smolinsky and he believes that one m ust live this way in order to obtain a place in Heaven. He constantly dictates Sara and the rest of the family by quoting the Holy Torah and reminding them that this is the right way to live and they must abide by it. Dr. Flint is not so concerned with obtaining a place in Heaven or

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Accounting - Essay Example Performance can be measured by using the financial measures. The measures give the financial indicators such as profits and growth. By using profit figures, a manager can easily tell whether their organization is performing or not. Profits are indicators of performance while loses will be used to indicate non-performance. Another way in which the balanced scorecard can be used to measure performance is through analyzing its innovation reports. By using the company’s ability to respond to changes and make new products, then one can easily tell its competitive nature. Because the scorecard gives parameters used to show success, meeting the parameters will imply that the company is performing. The customer perspective in the balanced scorecard can also be used to measure performance because it is linked to customer satisfaction. The tool can be used to analyze whether the customers are served on time, whether products are affordable and of quality. Coming up with the answers will be used as a performance indicator. The score card can as well be used as an appraisal tool in evaluating employee performance. The balance scorecard has four main perspective, the customer perspective, the innovation and learning perspective, the internal business perspective and the financial perspective (Kaplan & David, 1992). The customer perspective focuses on customer needs, the internal business perspective dwells on important internal operations, the financial perspective relates to profits and market share while the innovation perspective focuses on the ability to create new products. The internal business operations relates to the customer perspective in that, it is through analyzing the internal operations that the customers’ needs will be satisfied. The operations perspective requires that the managers establish what they have to excel in so that they can be able to meet the needs of the customers. The internal operations also relate to the

Time Banking in the UK

Time Banking in the UK What is Time Banking? Time Banking is a way to give and receive support to build strong communities and networks to the public. One last time helps earns about one hour for the Bank (also called time credits, the balance of the benefit, or $ time). Time banking is based on the magic of â€Å"Pay It Forward, in return, is a good idea leading to another and another. Time banking is formed when individuals or organizations agree to earn and spend hours to meet friends, neighbours and the needs of the larger community. Time banks ranging from small 15-20 members and 2000 or greater; Time banks can get in touch with some also. Each time bank is a unique reflection of its members, who are, for the dreams they have for their community, and what they chose to make and receive       How to earn time credits by doing something for you; No matter what that something. In return you earn a time credit in Time bank community. For example, if someone is working for one hour in his garden is similar to one hour of babysitting is similar to one hour of dentistry is similar spending time at home repair is similar to an hour of teaching to play chess. The possibilities are countless for Time banking. (TimeBanks, 2015): http://timebanks.org/what-is-timebanking/ History of Time Banking The creation of Time Banking is back to the creation of hours TimeBank â„ ¢ in 1980, the idea came to Dr. Edgar S. Cahn; co-founder of the National Program of Legal Services, author of our brothers keeper, and founder of the school Antioch right, He suffered a massive heart attack at age of 46; He was in hospital and sickness feel useless, he think about Time Bank hours as a unique and ultimately new currency to problem solution of enormous cuts in government expenditures on social welfare. If he does not have enough money to repair the old problems of our country and our society, Edgar thinks, the new way of making money to pay people the work they have done for themselves and societies? A Time Bank hour is all about the value of contributions everyone on the equal basis. Edgar developed his academic definition of why money should work in another way. He returned to the US and started to put service credits (not yet called TimeBank hours) service. . In early years since the currency has come a bouncing ride. After the initial enthusiasm by foundations, funds for trade TimeBank time dried up mid-1990s in the era of problems to keep afloat follow. This clash turned out into a time to dig and determine what made the hours of TimeBank Time Banking and unique tools for social change. In 1997, a convention TimeBank hours helped new groups and survivors identify what works. TimeBank Hours have become the backbone of a cross age tutoring program peer success in Chicago, a Maine Time Banks Network, and an hour TimeBank Youth Court in Washington, DC Time Banks USA became the center a small exchange network of independent TimeBank across the country. The deep understanding that has evolved following years towards to unique ways of adopting and talks for hours about TimeBanking as a tool for social change. It is the most important change involved in development of theory of Co -Production described in the book of Edgar, No More Throw Away People. UK History The idea of time banking was developed at the London School of Economics; by Washington law professor Edgar Cahn in 1986, which describes the idea that working as blood bank or babysitting club help a neighbor and then when you need it a neighbor most likely another will help the system based on equality one hour of help means a dollar of time, if the task is groceries or make a statement the tax credits kept in individual accounts in a bank on a personal safety. Credits and debits are counted regularly. Some banks offer monthly balance statements recording the flow of strong relation with banks. Time credits are simply the recognition of the time and efforts put in place. They are not supposed to be reward enough, and experience in the US shows that most are never spent; but they seem to be the kind of recognition that prevents people volunteering much longer than in conventional voluntary schemes. This simplest idea uses a broker at the end of the phone, and allows people to get credit for each hour of time they help in their local community The result is a equal level economy, using time as a medium of exchange, to put those assets to work forgotten meet forgotten needs, and in so doing make connections between people and rebuild a sense of trust (New economics 2015) http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/time-banks Current Situation in UK: Weather in London banking is developing briskly and would not be as successful as it is without the great relationship between time banks. London network meets on regular basis to boost the interest of brokers and others meets to share their experiences and to help each other. We all are very lucky that we would be able to do this; our charitable donors Bridge City is the one whom we have to thank for providing us the opportunities and resources to do so. (New Year Update from London article 2015): http://www.timebanking.org/tag/london-2/ Challenges in UK: Challenge met Time banking in Wales in Cardiff and they show their passion in working together. They have a yacht race around the world 72 feet; they rent it with the discrimination of elderly and young people from 12 to 25 years are rented to increase personal and social skills, such as teamwork, communication, respect for others, responsibility in a positive way can making environment. Up to 12 people can participate in this experience together, which usually consists of 10 young people and two leaders of the group. Wales Challenge six crew on board will show you the ropes and give you the opportunity to sail the boat at all. (Time Banking UK Newsflashes April 2015): http://www.timebanking.org/category/tbuk-newsflashes/ How we implement Time banking In UK Timebanking UK will establish and appliance a source, free to use the platform to significantly reduce the barriers to entry for the creation, union or local TimeBanks management. Traditionally, the implementation of TimeBanking has been resource intensive, based on a time banking broker match supply and demand in community. UK Timebanking automates this process, reducing costs and barriers for organizations and individuals to establish and maintain a bank of time. Timebanking UK are built on proven open source software timebanking Weaver Community developed by TimeBanks US. This software will also open public; private along with community resources and make it easier to add projects timebanking scale. More importantly, promote the rapid scale by sharing time and skills; helping people to connect with one other to build sustainable communities. UK Timebanking is the national umbrella; TimeBanks linking and support across the UK, providing inspiration, guidance and practical help charity. It has more than 220 times from member banks and represents more than 20,000 timebankers throughout the UK, generating more than 1 million hours of support per year UK Timebanking would announce the following time banks that have been awarded by their Quality Mark in appreciation of best practice for: Implementation of operational use of our recommended safeguarding procedures Actively using all 3 models of timebanking Taking part in training and development activities for members and brokers Good governance practices Using coproduction for meaningfully involve members in running and development of time bank Having a long term sustainability plan Good monitoring and evaluation practices Having a comprehensive set of policies and procedures (Nesta.orh.uk 26MAY 2015, Time banking official website 26MAY 2015):  Nesta.orh.uk 26MAY 2015, Time banking official website 26MAY 2015:http://giving.nesta.org.uk/project/timebanking-uk/ http://www.timebanking.org/page/10/?sm-category#sthash.igcZgd18.dpuf How do we encourage participation? Two years ago Cheryl Hughes was a mother and housewife in Cardiff South Wales; She lacked confidence and was not sure I could achieve family life outside. She also wanted to buy goodies for your loved ones at times, but struggled financially. When he encountered Credits Timeplace time volunteering scheme, Hughes and his family were involved in the cleanup of the area and helped in community events in return for time credits that could be redeemed for holiday trips to the theater and other rewards. Hughess confidence grew and started his own local project, community mothers holding coffee mornings where people can take advantage of time to attend credits, access to a library of books and toys and more. Time credits eyes opened more than take care of my children, who of course I love to do, says Hughes. I never thought that will I be able to do anything for my dyslexia .To think this all started with garbage picking. From improving mental health to provide a door at work, now accepted wisdom that volunteering can bring many benefits to volunteers and people who are helping. But the rewarding volunteer with anything that has a tangible economic value is direct exchange has regular been controversial. Many people believe that volunteering should only be done altruistically without direct reward. Many were unhappy last year the time it was implied that volunteers receive a discount of municipal taxes. However, the rewards and exchanges are increasingly common and community groups and charities who run them feel they are useful, especially for those who are financially less well off. The currency system -Credits time taken by Cheryl Hughes is in charge of social spice company. The company has a network of local businesses and services involved in each area working in and try to unite communities through its system Time banking, the best known form for volunteers to gain something in return of their time, it has traditionally had a focus on sharing skills a person may be charged on credit obtained from an hour of volunteer work for an hour taught how to play guitar, for example. Weather banker Ian Toplis, Gloucester, said it would be unlikely to volunteer and non-profit and incentives. I really hate gardening and the main reason is that I can do something for someone and I have done my garden is a great incentive, says Toplis. I helped many of the elderly residents during digital conversion. I am out of the opinion that there are many people out there for example like me who have something to offer, but need an external drive and an extra incentive.Similar systems around the UK include your courage, Smartran Weather Miles rewards, and the Bank of attention. Community volunteer projects and have their way of either rewarding volunteers or exchange something with them. The draft community red brick building in Glastonbury all residents get cheap and event space desk but it offers their time to support local vulnerable people as part of the agreement. Voluntary schemes can see in action all over the world, too. Reward Volunteers 5.0 in the US and GEM project in South Africa both use mobile applications for volunteers to sign and hours of trade. In Japan, volunteers can deposit hours in order to cash in later life, when they could be less mobile and need help. A two-year evaluation by Spice launched last December found out that 45% of volunteers using time credits had never offered before. It does attract new volunteers and we need massive volunteer if we are to create local services, says Becky Booth, chief executive of social enterprise. The impact of spending is fantastic, he adds. For example, when we hear from people like the man who won credit for a rugby match and for the very first time in a very long time, stood up, shaved and left his shelter homeless during the day, is very encouraging. These they are the kind of results we are seeking. Time Banking UK chief executive Sarah Bird believes that such systems are the future of communities and looked at favorably by the commissioners. Were getting a lot of interest from local authorities they are interested to talk on time banks. Some have even become centers of volunteer time banking; we have a strong feelings that this is an excellent way to co-produce community services for the future she says. (The Guardian 26MAY 2015):http://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/community-action-blog/2015/mar/30/time-banking-encouraging-new-volunteers How do we evaluate effectiveness? Time banking UK to explain how they work: Participants deposit of his time on the bench giving practical help and supports each other and are able to withdraw their time when they need something done by themselves as banks and Time. The value of all the different types of assistance and skills people can offer each other on a bench in time, every individual becomes at same time giver and a receiver time everyone is valued equally. An hour = 1 time credit. Evaluation of time banks has discovered they offer a number of benefits. The time bank assessment based on green Rushey GP surgery found that seemed to have benefits for the physical and psychological health of participants, although they were aware that it was difficult to link the banks participation time directly to their benefits. Time banks look like to be more impressive than the traditional routes of volunteering in attracting socially excluded sectors of population and work well as an instrument for social inclusion. An evaluation of a number of banks Seyfang time (2003) concluded, By promoting mutual volunteer build trust; social capital, reciprocity and community self-help among people who normally would be passive recipients of external assistance (2003, p 0.703) The latest research into the economic benefits of time banksdemonstrates that â€Å"Time banks, they use hours of time instead of pounds as a community currency, cost  £450 for each member every year, it can provide savings of more than  £1300 per member in the same period. Participants add their own skills, practical help or their personal assets in return for services provided by fellow time bank members.† Governance international 27 May 2015:http://www.govint.org/our-services/engagement/co-production-tree/timebanking-co-production-tree/

Courtly Love Essay -- History, Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Courtly love was a code which prescribed the conduct between a lady and her lover (Britannica). The relationship of courtly love was very much like the feudal relationship between a knight and his liege. The lover serves his beloved, in the manner a servant would. He owes his devotion and allegiance to her, and she inspires him to perform noble acts of valor (Schwartz). Capellanus writes, in The Art of Courtly Love, â€Å"A true lover considers nothing good except what he thinks will please his beloved†. The stories of Marie de France and Chrà ©tien de Troyes illustrate the conventions of courtly love. According to Capellanus, â€Å"Good character alone makes any man worthy of love†. In Lanval, the fairy lover chooses Lanval because he is â€Å"worthy and courtly† (Lawall 1319). Lanval gladly accepts the fairy’s love. He promises to â€Å"abandon all others for [her]† (Lawall 1319). Capellanus also says that â€Å"a true lover does not desire to embrace in love anyone except his beloved†. Therefore, Lanval loves his fairy lover solely. When the Queen offers her love to Lanval, he rejects her because his heart is devoted to his fairy lover. His beloved is one whom he â€Å"prized above all others† (Lawall 1320). Lanval desires no one more than his fairy lover. She provides him with â€Å"great joy and pleasure† that he can forego the other pleasures of the world (Lawall 1320). The claim she has on him is like that of a king’s. A good, chivalric knight should hold ladies in esteem. He should do all in his power to serve and protect ladies. Perceval’s mother instructs him to never â€Å"withhold [his] aid† from a lady or a â€Å"maiden in distress† (Lawall 1333). She says that â€Å"he who does not yield honor to ladies, loses his honor† (Lawall 1333).... ...hat is secret. Lanval, likewise, enjoys a secret love. In fact, if he ever reveals his love, he would â€Å"lose [her] forever† (Lawall 1319). Indeed, when Lanval tells the Queen that he is loved by a lady more worthy than the Queen, Lanval loses his beloved. He calls â€Å"his beloved repeatedly, but to no avail† (Lawall 1321). She leaves him once their love is made public. Courtly love defined the romance between a knight and his lady love. A knight must be worthy of love. A knight must be sworn to complete devotion to his beloved. He must hold her in high esteem and do all he can to protect her. A knight must desire no one above his beloved and the thought of her must continually be in his mind. Furthermore, courtly love must be a secret love; it does not exist within marriage. The conventions of medieval courtly love directed a knight towards servitude to his beloved.

Harlem Renaissance Essay

The Harlem renaissance is considered to be one of the most important periods in the history of African Americans literature. It marks the period between the early 1920’s and the late 1930’s when the African Americans demonstrated their capabilities in the literature art. The literature in the Harlem renaissance has been rated as one of the greatest attempts to define the identity of women in the American society. The period saw the rise of African American writers both men and women in literature who demonstrated that the African Americans have equally literacy capabilities as their white counterparts (Hatch, 2002). The Harlem renaissance has been closely linked to the African American modernism. However, relating authenticity of literacy work by the African Americans or modernism and the African American writers has been a big mistake. This is because of the assumption that the terns refers to African Americans. The term modernity can be understood as the tendency of thinking and doing things in the modern way. However, the term has been used inappropriately in relation to the authenticity of the literature work by African Americans. The development that took place in the African American literature work during the Harlem renaissance is clear evidence that this assumption is a big mistake. This is because the authenticity of literacy work is not determined by race. The birth of the African American literature in the early 19th century fitted well in the traditions of the American society. Many people see this as the real modernism where the art and literature reflects nationalism. The Harlem renaissance therefore made American literature new by eliminating the European influence of the 19th century and introduced nationalism and modernity in American literature. In many ways, the events of the Harlem renaissance contributed to the birth of the African American literature and art modernism (Kuenz, 2007). Mexican Revolution The Mexican revolution in the early 20th century was an important event towards the establishment of Mexican modernity. Though the Mexican revolution was an armed revolution where illegal rebels were involved, literature played an important role in the modernism of Mexico. A group of revolutionist used the cultural representation to push their agenda forward. These group involved writers and literacy artists who used their literacy work as weapon to fight in the revolution. The main aim of this literacy representation was not only to drive the autocratic government out of office but also to eliminate the authenticity in the 19th century Mexican literature and introduce modernity (Gallo, 2005). The Mexican writers in the Mexican revolution played an important role in the modernization of the Mexico literature in the 20th century. It is not a coincidence that the Mexican revolution took place at the same time literature and art in the country was undergoing some changes and becoming modernized. This is because literature played an important role in the revolution. Cinemas and plays as well as poems and verses written during the revolution introduced nationalism themes which were not only designed for Mexican audience but also for export. This way, modernism reintroduced the uniqueness of the Mexican society and national identity. The revolution did not only revolutionize the Mexican political leadership but also broke the traditional styles of literature which had a large impact on the culture of the Mexican societies (Pick, 2010)

History of Buddhism

Dr. Klein describes the history of Buddhism, important figures in the movement and stories of the beginning of Buddhism. She discusses the nature of death in Buddhism, in several contexts. Death is an incentive because once one realizes one's human life will inevitably end, life becomes even more important. Motivation to make good use of one’s life exists because even though rebirth is guaranteed, the quality of that rebirth is not.The Buddhist focus on spiritual develpment will help one recognize the inevitability of death as well as face it without fear. The goal of a Buddhist to escape cyclic existence(enter heaven and avoid hell), is the first of element of religious practice in Indo-Tibetan tradition. The idea of rebirth leads to the next element which is compassion. With the idea of rebirth, comes a concern for others. The third essential religious practice is wisdom.In Buddhism, the process of dying consists of eight distinct visions that correspond with the consciousne ss leaving the specific parts of the body. Klein notes that a skilled mediator can simulate this experience at will giving them in control of the experience. This article is well organized and is based on a variety of different sources. It is very detailed and covers a wide scope of material related to Buddhism. Klein seems very informed on the topic but does not offer opinions or personal input.Buddhism fosters a view of personal responsibility instead of fatalism. This is a responsible concept for human beings to live by. Contemplating death to eliminate the fear is a concrete and real way to handle death. Also, not being overly dramatic when consoling the dying (as though not to cause feelings of regret) is a great idea. I think that is an interesting concept that can help the dying and the people consoling them deal with the experience in a more rational way.